Hardwood Floors

Should I wax my hardwood floors?
Under no circumstances should you wax your floors. Hardwood floors are a no-wax surface. Even though wax makes the floors look shiny at first, it builds up on the floor. This causes the floor to get darker and dull. Wax also makes it impossible to screen your floors for a new coating of polyurethane. Sanding the floor also becomes more tedious. So, stay away from using wax or any wax related products. Be sure to read the labels of floor products to make sure they do not contain wax. Such a product is called “Future Floor Cleaner.”

Which is better: oil based polyurethane or water based polyurethane?
There is no right answer. While water based chemicals dry faster, appears lighter, and smells better, it does not last as long as oil based chemicals. Oil based is thicker and much more durable. It will last you for years. So if you want quality and longer lasting floors, oil based is your best bet. Oil based is our preferred choice. However, water based is better for those who suffer from asthma and other respiratory illnesses. So the real answer depends on your needs.

How long does it take the polyurethane to dry?
It takes over two month for it to completely dry. Depending on the weather conditions (hot, cold, humid, etc), the type of wood (pine, oak, etc.), and the elevation of the floor getting done (first floor as compared to the 27th floor), oil based takes at least 36 hours to dry to the point of walking. Before walking on the floors, feel the floor. Avoid a lot of walking and do not wear hard soled shoes. Wait at least 3-4 days to move furniture back. In moving furniture back to place, lift and place everything. Do not drag. Water base floors can dry within the day but it is still recommended to let the floor dry as long as possible.

How can I remove a scratch from hardwood floors?
Take fine grit sandpaper and lightly sand the area with the grain. Sweep away the area. Make sure you cannot feel the scratch indentation with your hand. If you do, sand a little further. Once you have a smooth surface, apply polyurethane over the area.

What should I use to clean my hardwood floors?
A- Hardwood floors are low maintenance. A damp mop or dust mop will be sufficient. If you decide to use a chemical, we recommend Polycare’s Hardwood Floor Cleaner. Remember, DO NOT USE WAX!!!

How many coats of polyurethane is enough?
One thick coat of polyurethane (oil-based) usually enough. In cases of places with a lot of traffic such as dance studios or stages, more may be needed. However, the more coats you use, the longer it takes to dry. For water-based polyurethane, use multiple coats of polyurethane as water-based polyurethane is very thin and not as durable.

Ceramic Floors

What is the difference between standard ceramic tiles and porcelain tiles?
Tile terminology can be confusing. Most types of tiles that are made from clay or a mixture of clay and other materials, then kiln-fired, are considered to be a part of the larger classification called “Ceramic Tiles”. These tiles can be split into two groups, porcelain tiles and non-porcelain tiles. These non-porcelain tiles are frequently referred to as ceramic tiles by themselves, separate from porcelain tiles.

Ceramic or non-porcelain tiles are generally made from red or white clay fired in a kiln. They are almost always finished with a durable glaze which carries the color and pattern. These tiles are used in both wall tile and floor tile applications, are softer and easier to cut than porcelain, and usually carry a PEI 0 to 3 rating. Non-porcelain ceramic tiles are usually suitable for very light to moderate traffic and generally have a relatively high water absorption rating making them less frost resistant and they are more prone to wear and chipping than porcelain tiles.

Porcelain tile is a tile that is generally made by the dust pressed method from porcelain clays which result in a tile that is dense, impervious, fine grained and smooth, with a sharply formed face. Porcelain tiles usually have a much lower water absorption rate (less than 0.5%) than non-porcelain tiles making them frost resistant or frost-proof. Glazed porcelain tiles are much harder and more wear and damage resistant than non-porcelain ceramic tiles, making them suitable for any application from light traffic to the heaviest residential and light commercial traffic. Full body porcelain tiles carry the color and pattern through the entire thickness of the tile making them virtually impervious to wear and are suitable for any application from residential to the highest traffic commercial or industrial applications. Porcelain tiles are available in matte, unglazed or a high polished finish.

Can ceramic tile be used outdoors?
To be used outdoors, we recommend the tile must be frostproof and unglazed for floor use as to avoid slippery conditions. Make sure the absorption rate is 0.5% or less.

What is the difference between glazed and full-body tiles?
Glazed tiles are coated with a liquid glass, which is then baked into the surface of the clay. The glaze provides an unlimited array of colors and designs as well as protects the tile from staining. The unglazed tiles are pretty much the same as the glazed tile, except that their surface is not coated. Full-body porcelain tiles do not show wear because their color extends throughout the tile, making them ideal for commercial applications.

Should a sealer be used on ceramic tile?
A glazed tile is already stain proof, so there is no purpose to putting on a sealer. You may put a penetrating sealer on your unglazed tile or your grout joints. The penetrating sealer is an invisible, stain resistant shield that is absorbed into the surface.

Where can your tiles be used and what is a PEI rating?
PEI classes range from 0 to 5. The Porcelain Enamel Institute rating scale is not a measurement of quality. It is a scale that clearly indicates the areas of use each manufacturer recommends and has designed their tile to fit. A PEI 2 tile has been designed for areas where very low traffic and soiling is anticipated. In most cases the aesthetic detailing of these tiles is of prime consideration. You will often find high gloss levels, vibrant colorations and metallic elements in this group of tile. Conversely, a PEI 5 tile has been designed for abusive extra heavy foot traffic. The technical aspects such as surface abrasion resistance will be considered and must be achieved first before aesthetic effects are incorporated.

Class 0 - No Foot Traffic: Wall tile only and should not be used on floors.
Class 1 - Very light traffic: Very low foot traffic, bare or stocking feet only. (Master bath, spa bathroom).

Class 2 - Light Traffic: Slipper or soft-soled shoes. Second level main bathroom areas, bedrooms.

Class 3 - Light to Moderate Traffic: Any residential area with the possible exception of some entries and kitchens if extremely heavy or abrasive traffic is anticipated.

Class 4 - Moderate to Heavy Traffic: High foot traffic, areas where abrasive or outside dirt could be tracked. Residential entry, kitchen, balcony, and countertop.

Class 5 - Heavy Traffic: Ceramic tile suggested for residential, commercial and institutional floor subjected to heavy traffic.

Carpet

My doctor said carpet is not good if you are an asthmatic. Is this true?
This is very true. Carpet traps a lot of dust and germs that can be harmful for people with asthma. Once the dust and germs become airborne, people with asthma will find it hard to breathe. Carpet cleaning removes most, not all germs. So if you are asthmatic, be advised on the type of carpet you are purchasing and the maintenance involved. If you decide to buy carpet anyway, proper maintenance is extremely important. Vacuum and steam cleaning regularly. Avoid walking on the carpet with your shoes.

Is it best to just carpet the floors?
While carpet seems to be easy to take care of, it does require a good amount of maintenance. Germs can easily get locked up in the carpet and can affect the surrounding air. Vacuuming alone cannot get these germs out. Regular shampooing and extraction of the carpet removes most of the germs. Carpet does have benefits though. In colder areas, carpet is warm. And if you have kids who make a lot of noise, carpet absorbs a lot of the noise. Still, maintenance is the key. Another tip: carpet and pets with no regular maintenance does not work.

Do all stains come out during the carpet cleaning process?
A lot of stains come out. However, some stains that have settled over time will not come out. That is why it is important to get up spills and other debris before they settle. There are some chemicals that promise to get all stains out. These claims are not true! Usually, they will lighten the areas around the stain or will try to blend it in. However, the stain will still be there. Be careful of using stain removal chemicals. Be sure to read the label for instructions and try first in a inconspicuous area.

How can I remove gum from carpet?
Put ice over the gum to harden it. Once the gum is hard, it is much easier to remove. Pick the gum up. Do not use scissors or razors because that will damage the carpet. Be patient!

What are some important things to remember when it comes to having carpet?
Carpet can last you for a long time. However, you can not underestimate the importance of regular maintenance. Vacuum regularly and steam clean at least yearly. Try not to walk on carpet with shoes and keep pets off the carpet. Wipe up spills immediately. All carpet is not the same. They come in different styles. Be sure to educate yourself before deciding.

Cork Floors

What is cork flooring?
Cork flooring is a product made from the bark of the cork oak tree, a material which is ground, processed into sheets and baked in a kiln. While cork has been used on bulletin boards and for wine bottles, cork floors are made to be more durable, versatile, and with different designs.

Where does cork flooring come from?
Cork flooring is most popularly harvested, manufactured, and sourced in Southern Europe, with Portugal being one of the most prominent regions from which cork comes. This is an area where the cork oak species is plentiful and where hand-harvesting is most practical.

Why is cork known to be an environmentally sensitive choice?
Harvesting the cork oak for its bark is strictly regulated, limiting such harvesting into nine-year cycles. The individual cork oaks must be at least 25 years old before they are harvested and when they are, the health of those cork oaks must be ensured. The cork oak is harvested by hand, and remains unaffected by the harvesting process. The bark of the cork oak grows back, leaving the cork oak as healthy as ever. As such, cork flooring is one of the most renewable sources for flooring there is.

Is cork flooring a new idea?
Cork flooring was first used popularly at the end of the 19th century. By the early 20th century, Frank Lloyd Wright was incorporating cork flooring in some of the public buildings he designed. Many of these buildings still feature these original cork floors.

Will cork flooring be tough enough for my home or office installation?
One of the characteristics of cork flooring is its resilience to pressure and impact. Because of its cellular nature that features millions of microscopic air pockets, cork flooring has “memory” that allows it to withstand foot traffic and the pressure of furniture legs (best if the legs have felt protectors), taking its original shape after impact.

Is cork flooring a good option for pets?
While no natural wood floor is entirely scratch-resistant, cork flooring is more adaptable to claws caused by dogs and cats than many other natural wood flooring options. This is due to the general resilient nature of cork flooring, which is naturally impact resistant.

Why is cork flooring known to be a good insulator?
The cellular nature of cork flooring allows warmth to be held in, making it a very warm flooring to walk on, even in winter months. Another aspect of the kind of insulation cork flooring provides is that of sound, which is naturally absorbed. This makes for almost silent footfalls and can have a significant quieting effect in areas which are normally associated with echoes and other distracting ambient sounds, such as in foyers and hallways.

What makes cork flooring naturally moisture resistant?
A natural substance found in cork called suberin, a waxy material that is a key component in the makeup of the cells in found in cork, is responsible for the moisture-resistant nature of cork and cork flooring. Suberin is also insect-resistant as well as adding a level of fire resistance. Although cork flooring is resistant to moisture, it is still a good idea to mop up excessive wetness as soon as possible as such levels of wetness can have ill-effects in the long term.

What makes cork flooring a good option when thinking about falling and impact?
Cork flooring is cushion-like, made as it is of about 50% air that is locked into microscopic compartments which act as natural shock absorbers. This can be quite beneficial when you’ve dropped dishes and glasses. It can also a positive effect when accidental human falls occur. For areas used by children or the elderly, this can be a major benefit.

What about colors? Are all cork flooring tiles the same?
Being a natural material, cork’s color variation should be expected. However, this can often work to the advantage of those with an eye for design, allowing for creative applications of various tonal ranges from golden yellow to nut brown. Also, color change can be expected as the cork flooring tiles are exposed to light over time.

Can I install my cork flooring myself?
While it is best to have a professional install cork floors, it can be installed by anyone. Many cork floor suppliers have a groove-tongue method for installation. Make sure you read a how-to before tackling any project.

What areas are the best places to install cork flooring?
Generally speaking, the best places to install cork flooring are on-grade (the level of the surface exterior to the space) or above grade (the second floor of a building, for instance). Areas where a lot of dampness and moisture, such as basements with newly poured subfloors, should be avoided. Subfloors must be level, dry, and clean before installation is considered.

Over which surfaces can I install my cork flooring?
Cork flooring is very accommodating and installation over concrete, wooden subfloors and tile are commonplace. The surface upon which you install your cork flooring must be level, dry, and clean.

How do I keep my cork flooring clean?
Regular mopping with a damp mop will be sufficient in keeping your cork flooring tile clean. Avoid harsh cleaning agents, and do not overwet your floor. Try to clear obvious mess quickly. Spills can be absorbed with a sponge or paper towel to avoid the possibility of permanent stains.

Can you sand cork floors?
Cork is a very soft wood and putting drum machines or edgers on it will possibly cause damage to them. It is possible to screen or lightly buff the floors and then recoat them. However, this is a very delicate process and expect to be charged accordingly.

Bamboo Floors

How do I maintain my bamboo flooring?
• Use a lightly dampened mop with no-wax floor cleaner specifically formulated for hardwood floors (preferably non-toxic, environmentally safe products).
• Regularly dust mop, sweep with a soft bristle broom or vacuum with a soft accessory to keep your bamboo floor clean from dust, dirt or grit.
• Remove spills and dirt promptly. A soft cloth wetted with water and then squeezed dry may be used to wipe up foodstuffs and other spills, provided the area is dried immediately.
• When using any wood flooring cleaner that requires mixing with water, follow the mixing directions precisely.
• Heel or scuff marks and stubborn stains may be removed by lightly rubbing with a cloth and a wood floor cleaner.
• Place mats at all exterior entrances. This will capture much of the harmful dirt before it reaches the bamboo floor.
• It is recommended to remove shoes (especially high-heel shoes) prior to walking on bamboo flooring. Alternatively, be sure to clean shoes well. Gravel, rocks and debris can get stuck in the bottom of shoes and scratch the finish.
• Use area rugs on high traffic pathways. Only use colorfast and non-scratch area rugs on your bamboo floor.
• Use mats in the kitchen, bathroom and laundry room to protect against spills.
• Shake out, vacuum or wash mats and area rugs frequently.
• Install floor protectors under all furniture legs. Make sure the floor protectors are large enough to distribute weight evenly. Keep the floor protectors clean of grit and replace them periodically. Wheels should have hardened-plastic casters at least 2" in width depending on weight.
• Lift furniture when moving, instead of sliding across surface.
• Keep pets' claws trimmed. This will avoid excess scratches and gouges.
• Maintain relative humidity. Using a dehumidifier or humidifier to maintain relative humidity in the home at 30-50% will maintain the moisture level in the wood and help minimize cracks between the boards. Continued excessive humidity can cause swelling of the floor. Continued lack of humidity (below 20%) can cause shrinking of the planks and/or cracking of the bamboo strips.

WHAT NOT TO DO
• Do not allow floor cleaner or any other liquid to remain longstanding on your bamboo floor.
• Do not let sand, dirt or grit build up.
• Do not use a vacuum with a beater bar.
• Do not use a wet mop or sponge to clean the floor - excessive amounts of water will cause your floor to swell and cup.
• Never wax your bamboo floor.
• Do not use steel wool or other abrasive scouring pads.
• Do not use oil soap, scouring powder, abrasive cleansers or harsh detergents to clean your bamboo floor.

Where can I install bamboo flooring?
Bamboo flooring is an extremely versatile flooring product. It can be installed in virtually any room of your home, above or below ground, over wood, or existing vinyl flooring. There are several locations that are not recommended for bamboo flooring. Because bamboo flooring is a natural flooring product it is not recommended that bamboo be installed in wet locations such as bathrooms, washrooms, saunas, enclosed porches or verandas, or anywhere that may require wet-mopping. Extended exposure to moisture of this type may cause your bamboo flooring to warp or swell.

What are the benefits of bamboo flooring?
Bamboo flooring is rapidly becoming one of the most popular types of residential flooring. Here are a few reasons why you should choose a bamboo floor:
• Bamboo floors are easy to clean.
• Bamboo floors are ideal for allergy sufferers as they do not promote dust or harbor dust mites.
• Bamboo flooring is an inexpensive alternative to hardwood flooring, usually costing 25% to 50% less than hardwood.
• Bamboo flooring is long-lasting. The laminate floors sold by BuildDirect come with 10-year and 25-year warranties.
• Bamboo flooring can be installed over numerous types of sub-floors such as: wood, sheathing grade plywood, vinyl tile, or Oriented Strand Board.
• Bamboo floors are environmentally friendly. They use a quickly renewable crop. Made with safe resins, they have extremely low formaldehyde emissions and make excellent floors for healthy homes.

Is “carbonized” bamboo flooring stained?
No. Carbonized bamboo is darker in color because it has undergone a change, not a stain. During the manufacturing of the product, the strips of bamboo are boiled and change color (becoming browner in tone). This process also softens the material.

Is carbonized bamboo softer than natural bamboo?
Yes. The process that changes the bamboo to the beautiful carbonized color also softens the product approximately 30%.

What is the difference between your 10-year and 25-year flooring?
The difference between the two floors is in the name of the aluminum oxide finish. The 25- year floor comes with six coats of Klumpp brand finish, which is recognized as a leading brand manufactured in Germany. The 10-year floor has six coats of a generic aluminum oxide finish. Visually, there is a slight difference between the floors. The 25-year floor is a semi-gloss finish while the 10-year is a satin coat finish.

What is the difference between “horizontal” and “vertical” bamboo flooring?
A natural bamboo stock is hollow and the walls of the plant are fairly thin. Strips of bamboo are therefore laminated together to make our 5/8” flooring. The terms “horizontal” and “vertical” refer to the manner in which bamboo strips are laminated together. In the horizontal style, the strips are laid flat so the top surface shows the bamboo’s natural growth rings, or “knuckles.” In the vertical style, the strips are turned on their sides and laminated together in long, slender rows creating a different appearance.

Can a bamboo floor be floated?
The bamboo flooring is a four-sided tongue and groove product that can be nailed to a wood sub-floor or glued directly to a concrete sub-floor. A floating installation is not recommended.

How does your bamboo flooring hold up to high humidity?
As long as you let the flooring acclimate for no less than 72 hours, with boxes opened and laid flat in the room where it is to be installed, high humidity should not affect the floor.

Is strand-woven bamboo the same product as traditional bamboo flooring?
No. Strand-woven bamboo is manufactured differently than traditional bamboo flooring. In the strand-woven process, strips of bamboo are coated with resins and then compressed with heat to form timbers. These timbers are then milled into flooring. This process produces bamboo flooring that is twice as hard as traditional bamboo flooring.

Do you make recommendations for selecting bamboo flooring installers?
We do not make recommendations for selecting installers. We suggest you consult your local Better Business Bureau to find reputable flooring installer.

When ordering bamboo flooring how much extra should I order to allow for waste?
As a rule of thumb for non-professionals, add 7% to 9% for waste and cuts depending on your skill level and the layout of the area.

What are the different moldings and how are they applied?
• The Quarter Round molding is used to hide the expansion gap left during installation.
• The Tee molding is used as a threshold in doorways or as a transition strip where the bamboo flooring meets tile or carpet of similar height.
• The Reducer molding is used as a transition from the height of the sub-floor to the height of the bamboo.
• The Stairnose molding is used to cover the front edge of a stair tread or step. If used on a stair, flooring is installed behind the Starinose to cover the horizontal part (the tread) of the stair.
• The Stairtread molding is a one-piece molding used to entirely cover the structural stair tread.

Can I install bamboo flooring in a bathroom?
It is highly encouraged that you do not install bamboo flooring in a bathroom. Bamboo like other wood floors will swell or warp if water stays on it. Because of this, bamboo should not be used in the bathroom.

What is the difference between bamboo flooring and hardwood flooring?
There are several advantages to using bamboo flooring compared to hardwood flooring. First, bamboo flooring is an environmentally friendly product. It takes only a few years for a bamboo plant to grow to maturity, while it takes decades for hardwood trees. And when bamboo is harvested, the root continues to live and produces new stock. Each year, one “mother plant” generates several new bamboo stems that grow to full length in a few months, and to mature hardness in about five years. Bamboo plants are therefore quickly replenished following a harvest. Second, bamboo is actually harder than hardwood so it makes a more durable flooring. Third, in most cases bamboo is less expensive than hardwood while installation costs are the same. Hardwood installers and contractors need no additional training to install bamboo flooring. Bamboo can be installed using exactly the same tools and methods as are used for installing hardwood.

Laminate Floors

What should I use to clean my laminate floors?
A mop with fresh water is good. You can also use a little Murphy’s Soap Oil, but not too much. Don’t use bleach! Avoid using ammonia because too much ammonia is not good for the floors. Don’t use wax on laminate floors. If you want to use any other chemicals on your floors, look for chemicals specially designed for these floors and make sure you follow the directions. If you are unsure about a product, first try in a hidden area.

What are laminate floors and how are they made?
A. Laminate flooring is a versatile, durable, attractive flooring with the appearance of a hardwood floor. Although laminate flooring looks like wood flooring, there is actually no solid wood used in its construction. Laminate floors are made up of several materials bonded together under high pressure. Most laminate flooring consists of a moisture resistant layer under a layer of HDF (high density fiberboard). This is topped with a high resolution photographic image of natural wood flooring. It is then finished with an extremely hard, clear coating made from special resin-coated cellulose to protect the laminate flooring. Laminate flooring is perfect for anyone wanting a durable floor for a fraction of the price and installation time of a hardwood floor, but with the attractiveness of real hardwood. This construction also makes laminate flooring more environment-friendly as it uses less wood in its construction and makes more efficient use of the wood fiber that is used.

What is the difference between laminate flooring and hardwood flooring?
Both laminate flooring and hardwood flooring can beautify a home. While hardwood is often thought to be a superior choice, there are several advantages to laminate flooring. Distinct differences between the two types of flooring often make laminate a more attractive alternative. Solid hardwood of any thickness (most is 3/8” to 3/4”) should be installed only above grade. Laminate flooring can be installed above or below grade, and over virtually any other flooring surface. Some hardwood flooring is engineered, meaning that instead of solid hardwood, it is made of several wood layers with a hardwood veneer. Laminate flooring, usually 7mm to 8mm (5/16” to 3/8”), is also made of several layers. These are laminated together which makes for stability and strength. The top surface of laminate flooring is a photograph of hardwood. High quality photographs faithfully reproduce the grain and color of natural hardwood, and the surfaces on quality laminate flooring closely resemble real wood. Although many people insist on hardwood flooring, laminates are a long-lasting, durable, affordable option that are quickly becoming one of the most popular types of flooring.

How do laminate floor panels lock together?
There are many types of edge joining systems used to connect laminate flooring panels together. Some laminate flooring connections snap together by hand while others require a light tap with a mallet and a tapping block. Still others use a combination of a “snap” click edge and a “bang” or “tap” click at the end of the panels. While most of the various systems work well to secure your laminate floor, it is important to read your laminate flooring installation instructions carefully. Familiarize yourself with how your flooring locks together before starting your installation. Some proven and popular laminate floor joining systems are: Uniclic, Kronotex’s Clic2Clic, Classen’s EasyConnect and Lamton’s InstaLock.

Where can I install laminate wood flooring?
Laminate flooring is an extremely versatile flooring product. It can be installed in virtually any room of your home, above or below ground, over wood or concrete. There are several locations that are not recommended for laminate flooring. Because laminate flooring is a wood flooring product it is not recommended that laminates be installed in wet locations such as bathrooms, washrooms, saunas, enclosed porches or verandas, or anywhere that may require wet-mopping. Extended exposure to moisture of this type may cause the core of your laminate flooring to warp or swell. In some instances, with special installation procedures, it is possible to install laminate floors in bathrooms where water will not stand on the floor for any length of time. For bathroom installations, it is recommended you apply a light bead of glue to the tongue on the planks to be used in the areas subject to spills. Also, ensure that all spills are mopped up and dried promptly.

What are the advantages of laminate flooring over those of solid hardwood flooring ?
One obvious advantage is that of price; laminate flooring is typically half the cost of traditional hardwood flooring. Sometimes the savings are even greater, depending on the types of flooring in question. Additionally, laminate flooring is designed to be easy to install and is generally a good choice for most do-it-yourselfers, where solid hardwood requires a specific level of expertise. Installing laminate doesn’t involve nails, and more recently has done away with glue as well in many cases. Laminate flooring can therefore be installed fairly quickly and inexpensively. Laminate flooring is generally designed to be scratch-resistant and fade resistant, two areas where solid hardwood flooring is known to be more vulnerable.

What do I need to know before I start installing my laminate floor?
There are several things to consider before you begin to install a laminate floor. Careful preparation before beginning will make installing your laminate floor a quick and easy process.
• Ensure that your subfloor is flat, dry, and smooth.
• Always use underlayment under your laminate floor for soundproofing.
• Laminate flooring and underlayment/vapor barrier can be installed over concrete, wood flooring, vinyl tile, linoleum, tile, or virtually any other hard, flat surface.
• Take extra care when installing laminate flooring over radiant heating. Ensure that you read both the laminate flooring and radiant heat system instructions carefully before beginning.
• Read your laminate flooring manufacturer’s installation instructions carefully.
• Allow you laminate flooring to acclimatize to the room where it will be installed for as long as possible (min. 48 hours)
• Inspect each laminate flooring panel carefully for defects or damage before installing it.

What do I have to do before installation?
Laminate flooring boards must be acclimatized for 48 hours in the room where they will be installed. Installation should take place at room temperature of at least 65°F (15°C). A floor surface temperature of 59°F and an overall room temperature of 64°F must be ensured before, during and three days after the installation.

Do I have to keep staggering the planks in my laminate flooring installation?
The first row should be started with a full plank, the second row with a 2/3 plank and the third row with a 1/3 plank. The distance between joints from one row to the next for the remainder of the installation must be 8" or greater.

How do I determine the direction in which to install my laminate flooring?
To decide where to begin the layout of your floor, consider incoming light. It is usually best to install laminate flooring with the planks running parallel to light coming in windows or glass doors. For any installation, the starting wall should be as long and straight as possible.

Will there be any cutting waste?
In an average installation, approximately 7% to 10% of the total area to be covered will be wasted for several reasons, typically cuts, planks damaged during installation, or errors.

What is the reason for the necessary 10mm gap left around the perimeter of the interior and around other obstacles within it?
Because laminate flooring is derived from wood, it is subject to expansion caused by room temperatures and humidity levels. An expansion gap is a necessary part of any successful installation because it allows space for the expansion of the floor as it responds to these external influences of temperature and humidity. When it is exposed to warmer temperatures, or to increased humidity, laminate flooring planks expand outward. Leaving out the essential element of an outside gap can cause the buckling of the individual laminate flooring planks as the planks push outward against walls or other obstacles.

I didn't get my first row straight. Can I continue?
Do not continue. Getting the first row absolutely straight is the foundation - perhaps the most critical part- to a successful installation. If your first rows are not properly aligned, or the joints are not tightly sealed, the entire installation will be compromised. (The error will magnify as you continue installing.) Along both sides and ends, all planks must be parallel to each other or there will be wedge-shaped gaps between planks. If residue is caught in the grooves, poor alignment can also result. Remember to make sure all grooves are clean before installation.

How should I install moldings?
You can glue or nail moldings to the wall only, never to the floor.

What is a floating floor?
A floating floor is a floor built with all its parts attached to each other but with none of these component parts fixed to the supporting floor. Virtually all laminate floors install as floating floors.

What is HDF and what is it made of?
High density fiberboard, HDF, is basically a high-density, moisture-resistant fiber panel. It is made of wood residues (sawdust, shavings and wood chips) from wood processing factories. This ligneous material is ground into a pulp to which a melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin is added. This pulp is then dried and pressed into panels.

Why is a moisture barrier used on concrete?
Concrete floors below ground are capable of storing a vast amount of water. It is crucial to avoid all direct contact between the laminate flooring and the concrete floor because the soil beneath the concrete can transmit humidity into the floor. Installing a moisture barrier over all concrete surfaces is mandatory for a successful installation and for the ongoing health of a laminate floor.

How can I get the shine of my floor to increase?
The shine can not be modified as it is a manufactured characteristic. Therefore, you must never wax or polish a laminate floor.

Can laminate flooring be installed on steps?
Yes, laminate flooring can be installed on steps but with this exceptional installation, the planks should be glued down with regular wood glue. The moldings and transitions need to be nailed down.

Can laminate flooring be installed in my screened in porch or patio?
No, laminate flooring must be installed in a climate-controlled area.

How often do the wood grain patterns repeat on your flooring?
The patterns repeat every 20 planks.

How do I care for and maintain my laminate floors?
While laminate floors are highly resistant to stains and abrasions, they are not indestructible. In order to maximize the durability and beauty of your laminate flooring, we recommend the following practices as part of your floor’s normal care and maintenance.
• Place a doormat outside the exterior entrances to collect excess moisture, sand, grit and other potentially damaging substances from being tracked onto your laminate floor.
• Use only colorfast and non-scratch carpeting or pads on your laminate surface.
• Avoid sharp or pointed objects with concentrated weight such as high heels on your laminate flooring.
• Use protective felt pads under furniture legs or wide castors under appliance levelers.
• Do not slide furniture or appliances across your laminate floor. If using a wheeled dolly to move furniture or appliances, place a clean sheet of smooth plywood or other protective layer over your laminate surface.
• Rearrange furniture occasionally for increased indentation resistance
• Do not treat or seal your laminate floor panels after they are installed.
• Never sand, lacquer, or refinish your laminate flooring surfaces.

How do I repair minor scratches?
Minor scratches or nicks can be repaired with laminate floor repair paste. This can be purchased in most retail flooring stores.

What is the difference between a brown core and a green core in laminate flooring?
The cores are the same. The green product is a result of a coloring agent added to the adhesive in the manufacturing of the High Density Fiberboard (HDF) core in response to general market preference.

How do I replace one plank of my flooring due to damage?
If the plank that needs replacing is close to the edge of the room, simply disassemble the floor to the position of the plank to be replaced and then reinstall the plank(s). For more difficult damage, contact a professional.

What is a laminate flooring AC rating?
AC hardness ratings are a standardized measure adopted by The Association of European Producers of Laminate Flooring (ELPF) . The AC measure rates abrasion resistance, impact resistance, resistance to staining and cigarette burns, and thickness swelling along edges. If a laminate flooring cannot meet the requirements for each of these ratings, approval for a given AC rating will be denied. All laminate flooring distributed by BuildDirect has a minimum punishment class of 23 for residential use (heavy) and 31 for commercial use (moderate), or an AC3 rating. AC ratings 4 and 5 are equally suitable for residential use as AC3 but somewhat more suitable for high traffic commercial applications. AC ratings below 3 are recommended for low traffic residential use only. Here is a more detailed guide:
• AC1 is suitable for lighter, more infrequent traffic, e.g. a bedroom.
• AC2 is suitable for general residential use in living rooms and dining rooms.
• AC3 can be applied to more varied locations, such as small offices and other light commercial location
• AC4 can be installed in higher traffic commercial areas such as boutiques, busier offices, and restaurant
• AC5 is more durable still and can withstand the traffic of heavier commercial areas such as department stores and public buildings.

Engineered Floors

What is engineered hardwood flooring?
Engineered hardwood flooring is a product made up of a core of hardwood, plywood or HDF and a top layer of hardwood veneer that is glued on the top surface of the core and is available in almost any hardwood species. The product thus has the natural characteristics of the selected wood species as opposed to a photographic layer. The “engineered” product has been designed to provide greater stability, particularly where moisture or heat pose problems for solid hardwood floors.

What is the difference between a laminate, solid hardwood and an engineered hardwood floor
Laminate- core of product is typically made of High Density Fiber (HDF). The top layer is a photographic layer that should appear identical to the product it replicates, be it wood, vinyl, tile, etc. The product is generally 3/8” thick and is a floating install with tongue and groove glue less locking system which allows you to install and uninstall the floor several times if desired. This product is typically the least expensive. Solid Hardwood- the product is the solid natural wood species throughout the entire piece of flooring, typically with a tongue and groove installation. Good sanding and refinishing capabilities. The product is typically more expensive and has some limitations as to where it can be installed due to moisture issues.

What does greater stability mean?
The instability of solid hardwood is usually moisture or heat related. Under adverse conditions, solid hardwood floors can warp, cup, swell or split apart. Engineered hardwood flooring overcomes these problems by constructing a multiple-ply plank which counteracts twisting and remains flat and intact. This makes engineered hardwood flooring a better choice for installation over radiant heat sources, over concrete whether it’s below grade or above, and in rainy climates.

How many layers does engineered flooring have?
In addition to the top hardwood veneer, engineered wood flooring typically has three or more core layers. Of course, there is greater stability with more layers. The core layers may be plywood, high density fiberboard, or hardwood. For example, Vanier engineered flooring has five to seven hardwood core layers.

Does engineering destroy the natural beauty of hardwood floors?
Not at all. The top hardwood layer is the same genuine hardwood you have in solid hardwood floors. This “show” veneer is available in most species of natural hardwood.

What is the thickness of the hardwood veneer?
The hardwood veneer, or top layer of hardwood, can typically be 0.6mm to 4.5mm or more in thickness. A quality hardwood veneer will provide many years of wear.

Can I refinish an engineered floor?
It depends upon the thickness of your hardwood layer but the fact is that 95 % of hardwood surfaces are never refinished. With the high quality finishes that are offered and the extensive process that refinishing a floor entails, damaged areas are often removed professionally. If sanding is desired, typically, the professional sanding procedure removes 1/32 of an inch. Thus if your floor has a 2mm layer you can sand the floor 1-2 times.

Besides different species, what else accounts for the different appearances in hardwoods?
Hardwood veneers have the same surface appearances as solid hardwood flooring because they’re both natural hardwoods. Different appearances result from the different ways the hardwood are sawn. The different sawing methods are:

Flat Sawn (also referred to as plain sawn) - can be flat grain (which has a cathedral or gothic effect) or vertical grain (which has a radial or edge grain effect).

Rotary Cut – method of cutting wood in which the hardwood layer is peeled off the log using large wood lathes. This peeling method shows dramatic, wilder graining.

Off-Set Rotary Cut – method of cutting wood which gives a sliced appearance and grain pattern with the added cross grain stability of sliced, without the sliced cost. Hardwoods are more dimensionally stable across the grain, and off-set rotary cutting takes advantage of this property. The yield is lower than a regular rotary cut creating a slight price increase vs. standard rotary.

Sliced Cut – method of cutting wood in which the hardwood layer is sawn like regular lumber. This shows method finer graining.

What is the Janka hardness test and why should I be aware of it as a consumer?
As a consumer of quality wood flooring, you naturally want to know how the product you are thinking about purchasing will withstand wearing and dents. The Janka hardness rating is your standard measurement for this purpose. The Janka test is conducted by measuring the force needed to lodge a .444-inch steel ball in the wood species to a depth of half the ball's diameter. The higher the rating, the harder is the species of wood. Of course, the Janka hardness rating is also useful when assessing how easy or difficult it is to hammer a nail into the hardwood or cut it with a saw.

Is there a benchmark for comparing the relative hardness of other wood?
Red Oak is a very popular, durable species. It has a Janka rating of 1290 and serves as a benchmark for comparing the relative hardness of other wood species.

Is the Janka rating useful for engineered hardwood flooring?
The Janka rating is a good one to keep in mind for engineered hardwood flooring as well as solid hardwood, especially if durability is a key selling feature for you. The Janka hardness rating of the hardwood used for the veneer on your engineered flooring will guide you to the best choice for your intended flooring use. Vanier Hard Maple, Brazilian Cherry and Hand-scraped Oak, Red Oak, and Black-Stained White Oak are all excellent engineered floors for high traffic areas.

How many times can you sand an engineered floor?
A. As per the NOFMA calculations, the sanding operation should remove no more than 1/32”. You should thus be able to sand a 1/16” hardwood layer on an engineered floor 1-2 times if correctly done. It is not recommended to sand a 1/32” thick hardwood layer. Solid wood floors can only be sanded to 1/32” above the tongue to maintain the stability of the tongue and groove joint.

In preparing a sub floor, what is the maximum variance you should allow?
The preparation of your sub floor is a key factor to the final outcome of your floor. You should have no more than ¼” over 8’ variance on your sub floor.

Natural Stone Floors

What areas are most appropriate for marble installation?
Marble is an extremely versatile natural stone, used in high traffic areas like commercial foyers and hallways, as well as in residential kitchens. Use of marble in these areas and others is one which is attached to the classical era – Ancient Greece and Rome – but also to the Ancient Aztecs, who used marble for similar purposes thousands of miles away. These cultures used marble as a staple item in their architectural traditions, because of its natural beauty and resilience.

What are the popular sizes for marble tile?
Standard marble tile sizes include: 12"x12"x3/8", 18”x18”x9/16”, 18”x18”x3/8” 24”x24”x3/4”.

How durable is marble?
Marble has been counted on for centuries by cultures across the globe to last as flooring, wall tile, and other surfaces. Although marble is susceptible to acidic substances and metal abrasion, it remains to be a surface to be counted on to look great for years, given that a cleaning and maintenance regimen is incorporated to make sure it retains its original look. Sealing the surface of marble with an impregnator can help to do this, and to make maintenance a much easier job.

What do I need to consider when buying marble?
Make sure that your choice in marble tile has been appropriately gauged (its edges are perfectly square) and calibrated (the back of each tile is made entirely flat). This will make it easier to install from tile to tile. And when you order marble tile, expect color variation. This is a natural product, the color of which has been determined randomly depending on which mineral content makes up each batch when the marble is formed.
You can use this subtle color variation to your advantage when it comes time for a trial layout. Open all boxes in your shipment and see the range of color variation that can be seen in your particular batch. This is a great way to determine what you want in terms of overall look. And this leads to a finished marble project that is unique to your installation.

Are cracks and pits to be expected?
Minute crack-like patterns in marble are a feature of the stone. One way to make sure that your marble will stand up to foot traffic and moisture is to make sure it’s sealed. Otherwise, what is referred to as the veining in marble tile is due to the various minerals that have become trapped in the body of the marble over millions of years, formed by underground water sources. This accounts for what appears to be liquid-like patterns which makes marble tile such an attractive addition to a property.

Are sealers really necessary?
Absolutely. Marble is a porous material, which means that any liquids which spill onto the surface tend to leech into the body of the marble. This can negatively affect how your marble will look over time. A sealer, or an impregnator as it is also known, can make sure that any materials remain on the surface of the marble, until you clean it off, of course. This is the best way to make sure that your marble retains its original look for as long as possible. Talk to your local outlet about which products to use and how long to leave them before sealing your marble again. Always read the labels of the products you buy, take safety precautions where necessary, and follow instructions carefully.

What’s the best way to keep marble tile clean?
The best way to keep marble clean is to incorporate removal of dirt, grit, and other materials that are tracked in from outdoors. Many of these substances can cause minute scratches on the surface of your marble which can become noticeable over time. So, it’s best to make sure that the surface of the marble is clear with a damp cloth, soft broom, or vacuum as regularly as you can. Clean up liquid spills immediately, particularly if they are acidic in nature. Fruit juice is particularly problematic, as is coffee and red wine, because of their tendency to stain. Even if you’ve sealed your marble, it’s a good idea not to take any chances. Clear spills right away. Don’t use bleach, vinegar, or any harsh acidic-based cleaners as these will degrade the surface of your marble over time.

What’s the best way of removing stains?
When a stain is unavoidable, taking steps to remove stains from marble tile is a fairly simple procedure. The same reason marble is susceptible to staining is the same reason it’s a straightforward process to remove them – marble is porous. A procedure called ‘poulticing’ is a great way to remove stains by literally drawing the stain up from your marble and into another material – a mixture of a reducing agent soaked into a cloth or papertowels is the most basic variety of poultice. The best methods should always be measured against the kind of stain you’ve got. Once again, the best source of knowledge on this is your local DIY retailer who can advise on what procedure to use on what types of materials which have stained your marble.

Can marble be repaired if it’s damaged?
Yes. The best people to speak with about how to repair marble tile are your local retailers. They know about the latest products which are meant for repairing marble tile. Most of these will come in the form of an epoxy glue or filler. Wiping down any broken pieces with acetone so that all foreign materials are removed is the first step in making sure that it will re-bond with the broken tile. Make sure to clear all bonding agents from the surface of the marble tile. Be sure to apply the right amount of pressure for the right amount of time. When in doubt, talk to retailers and always read the labels of the products you buy.

Vinyl Floors

What should I use to clean my vinyl floors?
A mop with fresh water is good. You can also use a little Murphy’s Soap Oil, but not too much. Don’t use bleach! Avoid using ammonia because too much ammonia is not good for the floors. Don’t use wax on vinyl floors. If you want to use any other chemicals on your floors, look for chemicals specially designed for these floors and make sure you follow the directions. If you are unsure about a product, first try in a hidden area.

Can I use Vinyl flooring in an extremely cold climate?
You should definitely consider trying a new flooring material because the adhesive that goes with the Vinyl installation works best in room temperature or moderate climate.

What’s the difference between Vinyl sheet and Vinyl tile flooring?
Vinyl tiles are usually manufactured by using either or both of the two processes which are melt-compounding and the calendaring method. The first method subjects the ingredients to extremely high temperature, then molding the material into whatever the desired shape is. On the other hand, calendaring mixes all the ingredients together and then enters it into a set of rollers which squeeze the material in different gauges. Finally, the tiles produced are given a coating to increase its abrasion and stain resistance.

Vinyl sheets are manufactured by inputting a thin layer of liquid into the backing. The liquid is usually a mixture of vinyl resin, additives and plasticizer. The end-result is a multi-layered product which usually is made up of backing, vinyl foam core, decorative layer and clear vinyl layer. The whole product will then be entered into an oven where it will be treated with urethane. Patterns will then be inputted in the Vinyl sheets either by subjecting it to a printing method or inlaid method. The main difference between these two methods is that the inlaid method’s pattern will be all throughout the whole material including the back part.

What are the limitations of Vinyl?
Vinyl flooring is not recommended to be used in areas like commercial kitchens, automobile showrooms and outside applications. Commercial kitchens are usually a high activity area and Vinyl cannot handle the toll of rolling carts. Automobile showrooms are also not recommended for Vinyl flooring because of the load of the cars. As for outdoor use, if you use Vinyl flooring for this purpose, it can be exposed to increased levels of humidity, sunlight and excessive climates which might lead to color discoloration.

What are the different wear surfaces available in Vinyl flooring?
There are three common types of wear surfaces that are commonly used in Vinyl flooring. These three types are Vinyl no wax, urethane or PVC, and enhanced urethane. The Vinyl no wax surface has the ability to resist common scrapes and scratches. This type of surface also needs regular maintenance and floor polishing. Urethane or PVC is similar to Vinyl no wax but it is more advanced and equipped to handle more scratches and scrapes. Lastly, enhanced urethane is resistant to common household stains and has the ability to not let dirt and grime stick to the surface.

What can permanently stain my Vinyl flooring?
Common sources of permanent stains in Vinyl flooring include mustard, permanent marker, ink, shoe polish and hair dye.

What is the difference between Linoleum and Vinyl flooring?
These two materials are often confused and used interchangeably. Basically, Vinyl is made up of fibers which are synthetic. The main body of this material is cardboard and the thickness is dependent on how many layers of vinyl is used. On the other hand, Linoleum is 100% all natural and is made up of raw materials like linseed oil, cork powder, resins and natural pigments. As time goes by the linseed oil used in Linoleum will harden making it a more durable product than Vinyl flooring.

Is it advisable to install new vinyl tiles over old ones?
No. If you do this, the tendency is for the old tiles’ patterns to show up in the long run because vinyl flooring sinks through cracks after a considerable amount of time. If you can’t remove all the old tiles below, you can install a new sub floor.

What vinyl design should I choose?
The choice is completely up to you but you have to remember that there are many factors to consider before you can choose the right design or pattern. The size of the room needs to be considered, as well as the current color of your room. If you have a smaller room, you can use lighter colors to make it appear bigger. On the other hand, darker colors can be utilized to create a cozier feel

What is rotogravure?
Rotogravure is a construction style used to manufacture Vinyl flooring. Basically, this is the method that is used in creating patterns on Vinyl tiles. A large spinning cylinder is used for this process.

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